Written by Mercy Achieng

Tackling Nematodes Challenges: Breakthrough in Nematode Management in Irish Potatoes and Rice in Kenya

PlantVillage, in collaboration with Moi University and supported by USAID's Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Current and Emerging Threats to Crops (CETC IL), has made significant strides in advancing agricultural practices in Kenya. Our research study and field experiments have uncovered crucial insights and introduced innovative solutions to tackle soil-borne pathogens and boost crop yields in irish potato farming in Nyandarua county Kenya.The research has also led to the discovery of nematodes (Hirschmanniella oryzae) in irrigated rice fields in Taita Taveta county kenya.

Dr. Edwin Rotich, a soil science specialist at Moi University talks of the involvement of research students in conducting soil sampling surveys and lab analysis in Nyandarua and Taita Taveta counties. "We guided the students through the process of assessing soil nutrient profiles, which revealed key deficiencies, including a lack of calcium, nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus," While the soils were not saline, the nutrient shortages are impacting crop yields, leading to targeted recommendations for soil amendments to improve agricultural productivity in both regions.

Tackling Potato Cyst Nematodes in Nyandarua County Kenya

Over the past two seasons, PlantVillage has focused on addressing the challenges posed by Potato Cyst Nematodes (PCN) in Nyandarua County. The region’s rich soils are ideally suited for Irish potatoes, but the presence of PCN has threatened yields. Our research explored various approaches, including the use of biochar fertilizer, banana paper and khaki paper technology

Gladys Ntango, a research student at PlantVillage, has been exploring innovative methods to control Potato Cyst Nematodes (PCN) using khaki paper technology and banana paper in experimental fields. Her findings reveal that banana paper has shown remarkable success in suppressing nematode populations and improving crop yields. "Banana paper technology has proven to be highly effective in managing PCN, resulting in better yields compared to other methods, it significantly contributes to reduced nematode populations and has been linked to increased crop yields” Says Gladys Ntango.

Research students Gladys Ntango and Mathew Korir harvesting potatoes in experimental fields, Nyandarua County, Kenya

Mathew Korir, who has conducted research on biochar fertilizer for managing Potato Cyst Nematodes (PCN) and enhancing soil productivity, recommends it as an excellent soil amendment. "In my trials, I harvested about 13 tonnes of potatoes per acre using biochar fertilizer, compared to the usual 4 to 5 tonnes per acre from smallholder farmers fields not using biochar fertilizer. This demonstrates its effectiveness in improving yields and soil health. I urge farmers to embrace biochar fertilizer since it can be produced at home using readily available farm materials, Biochar is not only a sustainable solution but also a practical one that farmers can implement”

Dr. Edwin Rotich, a soil science expert, trains farmers in Nyandarua County, Kenya, on soil nutrient management to enhance potato crop productivity.

Dr. Edwin Rotich, a soil science expert involved in the project, noted that biochar not only helps in controlling nematode populations but also plays a crucial role in retaining soil nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, holding water, and aiding in carbon sequestration. 

Rice Nematodes in Taita Taveta County

In Taita Taveta County, our research, in collaboration with Moi University, has turned a spotlight on soil-borne pathogens, particularly rice nematodes. The recent discovery of nematodes (Hirschmanniella oryzae) in irrigated rice fields represents a significant finding, marking the first instance of such pathogens in Kenya and East Africa.

Jackson Kiama, a research student with PlantVillage, focused on studying and characterizing rice nematodes and their impact on rice farms to better understand the extent of the nematode problem in newly irrigated rice fields. 

"In April, 2023, I conducted a survey in Taita Taveta where rice irrigation has recently began, and I discovered that nematodes are already affecting the ecosystem.I appeal to donors and the county government for support in addressing this emerging threat to rice production, as there is need for timely intervention to curb the spread of nematodes” Jackson Kiama, a research student with PlantVillage

Jackson Kiama, a research student at Moi University, and Dr. Njira Pili, a nematode expert, guide farmers in identifying rice nematodes under a microscope,

Farmer Abdala Kajia of Taita Taveta highlighted the challenges impacting rice production in Taita Taveta: "Beside  nematodes, we face issues with inconsistent water supply due to unreliable rainfall and poor irrigation systems. Our soils also lack essential nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, which limits our yields. On top of that, pests, diseases, and limited access to quality inputs like fertilizers and seeds make it even harder for us to improve rice production."

"This discovery is a significant breakthrough for us. Through our surveys and sharing the results with farmers, we've been able to educate them on the impact of nematodes. It’s a hidden threat that many were unaware of, but now farmers are informed and better prepared to manage it. This knowledge exchange is crucial in helping them protect their crops and improve yields," Dr. Njira  Pili an expert in nematodes from Moi University

Engaging Farmers and County Government Support

In response to these findings, PlantVillage organized a comprehensive training session for local farmers in Taita Taveta and Nyandarua. The session included lectures on nematology, soil health, and practical workshops on biochar production. The hands-on experience of making biochar was met with great enthusiasm, as farmers saw the immediate applicability of this technology to their own farms.

Mathew Korir, a research student at PlantVillage, guides farmers through a hands-on workshop on biochar production

Farmer Jane Wanjiku, working with potato farmer group in Nyandarua shared her experience with banana paper technology, on experimental fields in her farm: "I tried using banana paper in my fields, under guidance of the research student Gladys Ntango, It really helped cut down the nematode problem and made my crops grow better. The difference is clear, and I encourage other farmers to give it a try."

Farmer Jesse Kamutu of Jekam Farm also talked about the benefits of biochar fertilizer: "I used biochar fertilizer in my fields during the research trials, and it made a big difference. yields went up, and I noticed fewer nematodes. Biochar has been great for improving the soil and getting better results from my crops”

Farmer Jesse Kamutu of Jekam Farm

Farmer Zulfa Nadera expressed her gratitude for the training provided by PlantVillage, particularly the discovery of nematodes as a key issue affecting their rice crops in Taita Taveta county.

"We are really thankful for the training, especially learning that nematodes are a major problem for our rice. We also learned how to apply organic fertilizers, which will help improve our soil. The knowledge we’ve gained has been invaluable, and as farmers, we are eager for more training to better manage these challenges and improve our yields," she said.

The collaboration with the County Government of Taita Taveta, represented by Liverson Mwandembo, an agricultural officer, has been instrumental in driving these efforts forward. Liverson Mwandembo emphasized, "The partnership with PlantVillage and Moi University is crucial for addressing the challenges faced by our farmers. We are committed to supporting the implementation of these innovative solutions and enhancing agricultural productivity in our county."

Liverson Mwandembo, an agricultural officer at Taita Taveta County government, addresses farmers during a training workshop

This research has expanded farmer understanding of nematodes and soil health and paved the way for practical solutions that can be applied on the ground. As we continue our research and collaboration, our focus remains on developing and implementing effective strategies to address nematode issues and soil deficiencies. With ongoing research, community engagement, and government support, we are poised to transform farming practices and enhance food security in Kenya.

 

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